Bluetooth-Low-Energy-Based Fall Detection and Warning System for Elderly People in Nursing Homes

Due to the ever growing population of elderly people, there is a dramatic increase in fall accidents. Currently, multiple ideas exist to prevent the elderly from falling, by means of technology or individualised fall prevention training programs. Most of them are costly, difficult to implement or less used by the elderly, and they do not deliver the required results. Furthermore, the increasingly older population will also impact the workload of the medical and nursing personnel. Therefore, we propose a novel fall detection and warning system for nursing homes, relying on Bluetooth Low Energy wireless communication. This paper describes the hardware design of a fall-acceleration sensing wearable for the elderly. Moreover, the paper also focuses on a novel algorithm for real-time filtering of the measurement data as well as on a strategy to confirm the detected fall events, based on changes in the person's orientation. In addition, we compare the performance of the algorithm to a machine learning procedure using a convolutional neural network. Finally, the proposed filtering technique is validated via measurements and simulation. The results show that the proposed algorithm as well as the convolutional neural network both results in an excellent accuracy when validating on a common database.