Cerebellar Cortex and Cerebellar Nuclei Are Concomitantly Activated during Eyeblink Conditioning: A 7T fMRI Study in Humans

被引:43
作者
Thuerling, Markus [1 ,2 ]
Kahl, Fabian [1 ]
Maderwald, Stefan [2 ]
Stefanescu, Roxana M. [1 ,2 ]
Schlamann, Marc [3 ,4 ]
Boele, Henk-Jan [5 ]
De Zeeuw, Chris I. [5 ,6 ]
Diedrichsen, Joern [7 ]
Ladd, Mark E. [2 ,8 ]
Koekkoek, Sebastiaan K. E. [5 ]
Timmann, Dagmar [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Clin Essen, Dept Neurol, D-45147 Essen, Germany
[2] Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Clin Essen, Erwin L Hahn Inst MRI, D-45147 Essen, Germany
[3] Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Clin Essen, Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol, D-45147 Essen, Germany
[4] Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Clin Essen, Dept Neuroradiol, D-45147 Essen, Germany
[5] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
[6] Royal Acad Arts & Sci, Netherlands Inst Neurosci, NL-1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
[7] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 3AR, England
[8] German Canc Res Ctr, Div Med Phys Radiol E020, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
关键词
acquisition; cerebellum; eyeblink conditioning; fMRI; human; interposed nuclei; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; NICTITATING-MEMBRANE RESPONSE; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; EYELID RESPONSE; RABBIT; INVOLVEMENT; LESIONS; CONSOLIDATION; ACQUISITION;
D O I
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2492-14.2015
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
There are controversies whether learning of conditioned eyeblink responses primarily takes place within the cerebellar cortex, the interposed nuclei, or both. It has also been suggested that the cerebellar cortex may be important during early stages of learning, and that there is a shift to the cerebellar nuclei during later stages. As yet, human studies have provided little to resolve this question. In the present study, we established a setup that allows ultra-high-field 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the cerebellar cortex and interposed cerebellar nuclei simultaneously during delay eyeblink conditioning in humans. Event-related fMRI signals increased concomitantly in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei during early acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses in 20 healthy human subjects. ANOVAs with repeated-measures showed significant effects of time across five blocks of 20 conditioning trials in the cortex and nuclei (p < 0.05, permutation corrected). Activations were most pronounced in, but not limited to, lobules VI and interposed nuclei. Increased activations were most prominent at the first time the maximum number of conditioned responses was achieved. Our data are consistent with a simultaneous and synergistic two-site model of learning during acquisition of classically conditioned eyeblinks. Because increased MRI signal reflects synaptic activity, concomitantly increased signals in the cerebellar nuclei and cortex are consistent with findings of learning related potentiation at the mossy fiber to nuclear cell synapse and mossy fiber to granule cell synapse. Activity related to the expression of conditioned responses, however, cannot be excluded.
引用
收藏
页码:1228 / 1239
页数:12
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