Metaethnographic Synthesis of Fathers' Experiences of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Environment During Hospitalization of Their Premature Infants

ObjectiveTo synthesize existing qualitative findings about fathers' experiences of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment. Data SourcesRelevant key terms including preterm, father, and NICU were used to search the databases of CINAHL Plus, Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, and PsychInfo. Study SelectionOnly primary qualitative studies were included. Studies were excluded that did not focus on the NICU environment. Data ExtractionTwenty-four studies were included. All authors critically appraised and extracted data relating to fathers' experiences in the NICU using an agreed data extraction form. Data SynthesisFindings were synthesized by translating the initial concepts and findings from an identified key paper into the data from the remaining 23 studies. Initially this was done separately by each author followed by further group discussion and synthesis. Emergent themes included Proximity, Parental Autonomy, Vulnerability, Communication and Exclusion, and Isolation. ConclusionsThe needs of fathers to interact and be involved with their infants' care was a prominent factor that enhanced their experiences in the NICU. Staff in the NICU can play a key role in facilitating this interaction through encouragement and reassurance.