The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery

被引:40
作者
Saeed, Anwar [1 ]
Khan, Niqab [2 ]
Gul, Taza [2 ]
Kumam, Wiyada [3 ]
Alghamdi, Wajdi [4 ]
Kumam, Poom [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi KMUTT, Fac Sci, Ctr Excellence Theoret & Computat Sci TaCS CoE, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
[2] City Univ Sci & Informat Technol, Math Dept, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
[3] Rajamangala Univ Technol Thanyaburi, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Appl Math Sci & Engn Res Unit AMSERU,Program Appl, Thanyaburi 12110, Pathumthani, Thailand
[4] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Comp & Informat Technol, Dept Informat Technol, Jeddah 80261, Saudi Arabia
[5] China Med Univ, China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Med Res, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
关键词
stretchable/shrinkable walls; hybrid nanofluid; drug delivery; couple stresses; Darcy-Forchheimer model; heat absorption/omission (HAM); HEAT-TRANSFER; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; ARTERY;
D O I
10.3390/molecules26216330
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
This research work aims to scrutinize the mathematical model for the hybrid nanofluid flow in a converging and diverging channel. Titanium dioxide and silver (TiO2 and Ag) are considered as solid nanoparticles while blood is considered a base solvent. The couple-stress fluid model is essentially use to describe the blood flow. Therefore, the couple-stress term was used in the recent study with the existence of a magnetic field and a Darcy-Forchheiner porous medium. The heat absorption/omission and radiation terms were also included in the energy equation for the sustainability of drug delivery. An endeavor was made to link the recent study with the applications of drug delivery. It has already been revealed by the available literature that the combination of TiO2 with any other metal can destroy cancer cells more effectively than TiO2 separately. Both the walls are stretchable/shrinkable, whereas flow is caused by a source or sink with alpha as a converging/diverging parameter. Governing equations were altered into the system of non-linear coupled equations by using the similarity variables. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) was applied to obtain the preferred solution. The influences of the modeled parameters have been calculated and displayed. The confrontation of wall shear stress and hybrid nanofluid flow increased as the couple stress parameter rose, which indicates an improvement in the stability of the base fluid (blood). The percentage (%) increase in the heat transfer rate with the variation of nanoparticle volume fraction was also calculated numerically and discussed theoretically.
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页数:23
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