Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems

被引:997
作者
Schimel, DS
House, JI
Hibbard, KA
Bousquet, P
Ciais, P
Peylin, P
Braswell, BH
Apps, MJ
Baker, D
Bondeau, A
Canadell, J
Churkina, G
Cramer, W
Denning, AS
Field, CB
Friedlingstein, P
Goodale, C
Heimann, M
Houghton, RA
Melillo, JM
Moore, B
Murdiyarso, D
Noble, I
Pacala, SW
Prentice, IC
Raupach, MR
Rayner, PJ
Scholes, RJ
Steffen, WL
Wirth, C
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany
[2] Univ New Hampshire, IGBP, GAIM, Durham, NH 03824 USA
[3] LSCE Unite Mixte CEA CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[4] Biogeochim Isotop Lab, Unite Mixte CNRS UPMC INRA, F-75252 Paris, France
[5] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada
[6] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
[7] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
[8] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, GCTE Int Project Off, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
[9] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
[10] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[11] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[12] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[13] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA
[14] GCTE Impacts Ctr SE Asia, Bogor, Indonesia
[15] Australian Natl Univ, RSBS, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
[16] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[17] CSIRO, Div Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
[18] CSIRO, Div Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia
[19] CSIR, Environmentek, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa
[20] IGBP Secretariat, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
关键词
D O I
10.1038/35102500
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Knowledge of carbon exchange between the atmosphere, land and the oceans is important, given that the terrestrial and marine environments are currently absorbing about half of the carbon dioxide that is emitted by fossil-fuel combustion. This carbon uptake is therefore limiting the extent of atmospheric and climatic change, but its long-term nature remains uncertain. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of global and regional patterns of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen data confirm that the terrestrial biosphere was largely neutral with respect to net carbon exchange during the 1980s, but became a net carbon sink in the 1990s. This recent sink can be largely attributed to northern extratropical areas, and is roughly split between North America and Eurasia. Tropical land areas, however, were approximately in balance with respect to carbon exchange, implying a carbon sink that offset emissions due to tropical deforestation. The evolution of the terrestrial carbon sink is largely the result of changes in land use over time, such as regrowth on abandoned agricultural land and fire prevention, in addition to responses to environmental changes, such as longer growing seasons, and fertilization by carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Nevertheless, there remain considerable uncertainties as to the magnitude of the sink in different regions and the contribution of different processes.
引用
收藏
页码:169 / 172
页数:4
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