A comparative metabolomics analysis of the halophyte Suaeda salsa and Salicornia europaea

Suaeda salsa and Salicornia europaea are both annual herbaceous species belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family, and often grow together through our observations in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, and could be used as raw material to produce food and beverages in food industry due to its high nutritional value. In this study, we adopted widely targeted metabolomics to identify 822 and 694 metabolites in the leaves of S. salsa and S. europaea, respectively, to provide a basic data for the future development and utilization of these two species. We found that these two plants were rich in metabolic components with high medical value, such as flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins. The high contents of branched chain amino acid in these two species may be an important factor for their adaptation to saline-alkali environments. In addition, the contents of glucosamine (FC = 7.70), maltose (FC = 9.34) and d-(+)-sucrose (FC = 7.19) increased significantly, and the contents of d-(+)-glucose, 2-propenyl (sinigrin) and fructose 1-phosphate were significantly increased in the leaves of S. salsa compared to S. europaea, indicating that some certain compounds in different plants have different sensitivity to salt stress. Our work provides new perspectives about important second metabolism pathways in salt tolerance between these two plants, which could be helpful for studying the tolerance mechanisms of wetland plants.