Muscle recruitment by the min/max criterion - a comparative numerical study

This paper introduces the min/max criterion for simulation of muscle recruitment in multiple muscle systems. The criterion is introduced and justified by comparison to two known criterion types: the polynomial criterion and the soft saturation criterion. The comparison is performed on a planar three-muscle elbow model performing a dumbbell curl. A generalized form of the soft saturation criterion is introduced, and it is shown that the min/max criterion can be interpreted as the limit of the classical criteria when the exponents in their mathematical expressions approach infinity. We finally show how the min/max criterion can be cast into a form that allows for efficient and robust numerical solution by linear programming. It is concluded that the min/max criterion possesses a number of attractive physiological as well as algorithmic advantages. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.