Design of multifunctional peptide collaborated and docetaxel loaded lipid nanoparticles for antiglioma therapy

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most encountered gliomas of the central nervous system. The chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of GBM suffer from poor blood brain barrier penetration, severe systemic toxicities and lack of specificity towards tumor cells. There is an urgent need to explore novel drug delivery systems specifically designed for targeting GBM. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are biocompatible vehicle with less toxicity issues compared to other drug delivery systems and serve the purpose of obviating the limitations posed by existing anti-cancer drugs for GBM. In this study, angiopep-2, a ligand for the lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP 1) receptor over expressed in endothelial cells of both brain and glioma, was grafted on the surface of solid lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of docetaxel. The peptide grafted nanoparticles (A-SLN) showed increased cytotoxicity, enhanced cellular internalization and prominent apoptosis than that of unconjugated nanoparticles against U87MG human glioblastoma and GL261 mouse glioma cells. A significant dual targeting effect of A-SLN (p < 0.0001) was confirmed in in-vivo studies by real time fluorescence imaging studies in glioblastoma induced C57BL/6 mice model. Pharrnacokinetic and tissue distribution studies showed selective targeting with higher accumulation of A-SLN in brain compared to Taxtotere, a marketed formulation of docetaxel. After treatment with A-SLN, the mean animal survival time of the animals was significantly enhanced to 39 days from 24 days of plain docetaxel. Collectively, this study indicated that solid lipid nanoparticles decorated with angiopep-2 can be an excellent option as targeted drug delivery system for antiglioma therapy.