Light-expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as a substrate in constructed wetlands ? A review

被引:93
作者
Mlih, Rawan [1 ,5 ]
Bydalek, Franciszek [2 ,3 ]
Klumpp, Erwin [1 ]
Yaghi, Nader [4 ]
Bol, Roland [1 ]
Wenk, Jannis [3 ]
机构
[1] Res Ctr Juelich, Inst Bio & Geosci, Agrosphere IBG 3, Wilhelm Johnen Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany
[2] GW4 NERC Ctr Doctoral Training Freshwater Bioscie, Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales
[3] Univ Bath, Dept Chem Engn, Water Innovat Res Ctr WIRC, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England
[4] Hebron Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, POB 40, Hebron, Palestine
[5] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Environm Res, Biol 5, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
基金
英国自然环境研究理事会;
关键词
Constructed wetlands; LECA; Pollutants removal; Phosphorous; Nitrogen; Adsorption; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE-FLOW; ENHANCED NITROGEN REMOVAL; HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME; DIFFERENT FILTER MEDIA; VERTICAL-FLOW; LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; PILOT-SCALE;
D O I
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105783
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) have been increasingly used as substrate material for constructed wetlands given their phosphate removal capacity, mechanical strength, hydraulic conductivity and their plant rooting and biofilm growth supporting structure. This review summarizes the current literature on LECA-based constructed wetlands. Removal performances for main wastewater parameters phosphate, nitrogen species, suspended solids and oxygen demand are tabulated. Both, physical and biological water purification processes in LECA wetlands are discussed. Additional emphasis is on design and layout of LECA wetlands for different types of wastewater, under different climatic conditions and to improve treatment performance in general. LECA life cycle considerations include sourcing, production energy demand, reuse and recycling options for spent wetland substrates, for example as soil amendment. Research and development opportunities were identified for structural and compositional LECA modification to obtain tailored substrates for the use in water treatment and specific treatment tasks. Beyond traditional wastewater contaminants the fate of a wider range of contaminants, including organic trace contaminants, needs to be investigated as high Fe, Al and Ca oxides content of LECA substrates provide adsorptive sites that may facilitate further biological interactions of compounds that are otherwise hard to degrade.
引用
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页数:15
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