Potential applications of carbon nanotubes

This review explores the state-of-the-art applications of various kinds of carbon nanotubes. We will address the uniqueness of nanotubes that makes them better than their competitors for specific applications. We will discuss several examples of the already existing commercial uses of nanotubes and then point out feasible nanotube applications for the near term (within ten years) and the long term (beyond ten years). In our discussions of the applications, we will distinguish between the various kinds of nanotubes in play today, ranging from multiwall nanotubes having different degrees of perfection to the near-perfect molecular single-wall nanotubes. The last decade of research in this field points to several possible applications for these materials; electronic devices and interconnects, field emission devices, electrochemical devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries, nanoscale sensors, electromechanical actuators, separation membranes, filled polymer composites, and drug-delivery systems are some of the possible applications that have been demonstrated in the laboratories. We further discuss the status of this field and point out the value-added applications that exist today versus the revolutionary applications that will ensue in the distant future. The opportunities, challenges and the major bottlenecks, including large-scale manufacturing for nanotube material, will be identified as we define the applications space for nanotubes. We will also consider some of the recent concerns regarding health, environment as well as handling and safety protocols for carbon nanotubes.