Antitumor and apoptotic effects of new-generation platinum compounds on human leukemia cell lines HL-60 and K562

The goal of this investigation is to report the fabrication, characterization, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic assessment of new platinum based compounds on K562 and HL-60 human leukemia cells. Two new platinum (II) compounds, Pt-5a and Pt-6a, were prepared and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((HNMR)-H-1), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) techniques. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds were evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein (Bax) gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to illuminate the mechanism of apoptosis. The results present that the applied compounds exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in-vitro. Pt-5a and Pt-6a compounds caused a rise in Bax in HL-60 cells while a reduction in Bcl-2 was recorded in all applied doses. In HL-60 cells, an increase in caspase-3 was detected at doses of 25 mu M and 50 mu M of Pt-5a and 30 mu M of Pt-6a. The treatment with 40 mu M of Pt-5a increased caspase-3 and Bax in K562 cells compared with control cells. Bcl-2 was found to be low in 20 mu M of Pt-5a treatment in K562 cells. Pt-6a caused a significant increase in caspase-3 at the dose of 30 mu M in the same cells. It is proposed that the newly synthesized platinum compounds may prove to be significant in the development of anticancer-effective drugs as they trigger apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.