Renal cell carcinoma after therapy for neuroblastoma

OBJECTIVE. An unfortunate consequence of increased success in childhood cancer survival rates is the increase in the number of secondary malignant neoplasms after therapy for the initial lesion. Renal cell carcinoma can occur as a secondary malignant neoplasm after therapy for neuroblastoma and may become more common as more patients with treated neuroblastomas survive into adulthood. We studied one case and reviewed four cases of secondary renal cell carcinoma to determine if the relationship between these two neoplasms is significant. CONCLUSION. An awareness of the association between these two neoplasms is important in the diagnostic follow-up of neuroblastoma so that secondary renal cell carcinoma is not confused with recurrence of primary disease.