Trichophyton indotineae sp. nov.: A New Highly Terbinafine-Resistant Anthropophilic Dermatophyte Species

In this report, we describe the first isolation of two highly terbinafine (TRF)-resistant Trichophyton interdigitale-like strains from a Nepali patient and an Indian patient with tinea corporis in Japan. These strains (designated NUBS19006 and NUBS19007) exhibited a TRF minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of > 32 mg/L and contained a missense mutation (Phe397Leu) in squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences amplified from the isolates (NUBS19006 and NUBS19007) were 99.5% identical to Japanese isolates of T. interdigitale and T. interdigitale strain CBS 428.63. The homology of region sequences were also 97.6% identical to T. mentagrophytes strain CBS 318.56. Moreover, the ITS sequences amplified from the isolates were 100% identical to highly TRF-resistant strains of T. interdigitale, which were isolated in Delhi, India, and harbored mutations in SQLE. The urease test on Christensen's urease agar was positive for T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale after 7 days of incubation. On the other hand, the type strain of T. rubrum CBS 100081( T) and highly TRF-resistant strains (NUBS19006 and NUBS19007) were negative on Christensen urease agar after 7 and 14 days of incubation. Moreover, NUBS19006 and NUBS19007 were also negative reaction on the hair perforation test. To avoid confusion in the taxonomy of the T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex, we suggest that the highly TRF-resistant Indian strains be considered a new species independent of T. interdigitale, according to clinical and mycological features.