Effect of formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio on combustion behavior of phenolic foam

被引:8
作者
Tang, Kaihong [1 ,2 ]
He, Xiaofeng [1 ,3 ]
Xu, Guiqiu [1 ,3 ]
Tang, Xiaojun [1 ,3 ]
Ge, Tiejun [1 ,3 ]
Zhang, Ailing [2 ]
机构
[1] Shenyang Univ Chem Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shenyang 110142, Peoples R China
[2] Shenyang Univ Technol, Sch Environm & Chem Engn, Key Lab Polymer & Catalyst Synth Technol Liaoning, Shenyang 110870, Peoples R China
[3] Shenyang Univ Chem Technol, Polymer Mat Synth & Proc Profess Technol Innovat, Shenyang 110142, Peoples R China
关键词
Phenolic foam; Resole resin; Formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio; Combustion behavior; Cell structure; INSULATION MATERIALS; FIRE; POLYURETHANE; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; RESIN;
D O I
10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107626
中图分类号
TB3 [工程材料学];
学科分类号
0805 ; 080502 ;
摘要
The effects of the formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio (F/P) on the combustion behavior of phenolic foams were discussed. Phenolic foams have been prepared with different F/P of resole resin. FTIR, TG and SEM were used for assessment of the molecular structure, thermal stability, and cell structure of phenolic foam (PF) analysis, respectively. It was found that the higher the F/P, the more inflammables content in the PF that promoted the formation of the char layer, and the higher the LOI of PF. Although the closed cell proportion of PF decreases with the increase of F/P, the effect of the open and closed cell proportion on the LOI of PF was much lower than that of the content of inflammables when there was little difference in cell size. It is worth noting that the smoldering time and smoldering velocity of PF also increased with the increase of F/P. When F/P exceeds 2.3, a large number of open-cell structures appear in the PF, resulting in a phenomenon of smoldering to burnout. The relationship between smoldering velocity and F/P can be calculated by an Arrhenius type expression. Arrheniustype expression calculation showed that when the F/P reached 2.3, the smoldering velocity increased sharply, reaching a maximum of 0.193 mm/s.
引用
收藏
页数:11
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [21] Effect of supporting dies' mechanical properties on fracture behavior of monolithic zirconia molar crowns
    Jian, Yutao
    Zhang, Tianyi
    Wang, Xiaodong
    Kyaw, Laina
    Pow, Edmond Ho Nang
    Zhao, Ke
    DENTAL MATERIALS JOURNAL, 2022, 41 (02) : 249 - 255
  • [22] Effect of the molar concentration ratio of copper cobalt phosphate in supercapacitor application
    Sutar, Pratik
    Deshmukh, Puja
    Jadhav, Amar
    Kadam, Anamika V.
    SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS, 2025, 9 (04): : 1073 - 1083
  • [23] Effect of the starting NCO/OH molar ratio on the structure and properties of Polyurethane
    Yi, YuHua
    Shi, Hao
    ADVANCED MATERIALS, PTS 1-3, 2012, 415-417 : 1261 - 1264
  • [24] The Effect of Nanocellulose Addition to Phenol -formaldehyde Adhesive in Water-resistant Plywood Manufacturing
    Kawalerczyk, Jakub
    Dziurka, Dorota
    Mirski, Radoslaw
    Siuda, Joanna
    Szentner, Kinga
    BIORESOURCES, 2020, 15 (03): : 5388 - 5401
  • [25] Effect of activation on the carbon fibers from phenol-formaldehyde resins for electrochemical supercapacitors
    Xue, Rong
    Yan, Jingwang
    Liu, Xiaoxue
    Tian, Ying
    Yi, Baolian
    JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY, 2011, 41 (11) : 1357 - 1366
  • [26] Effect of Strain Rate on Impact Behavior of Aluminum Foam
    Bin Muhit, Imrose
    Shim, Chang Su
    Yun, Nu Ri
    Park, Sang Dae
    KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, 2019, 23 (11) : 4852 - 4863
  • [27] Effect of Dilute Acid Pretreatment and Lignin Extraction Conditions on Lignin Properties and Suitability as a Phenol Replacement in Phenol-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesives
    Saulnier, Brian K.
    Siahkamari, Mohsen
    Singh, Sandip K.
    Nejad, Mojgan
    Hodge, David B.
    JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2022, 71 (01) : 592 - 602
  • [28] Effect of Molar Ratio Modulation of Cobalt Precursors on Supercapacitor Behavior of Engineered Co-Co3O4 Nanocomposite Electrodes
    Nuamah, Rania A.
    Noormohammed, Saleema
    Sarkar, Dilip K.
    ACS APPLIED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, 2022, 1 (01): : 241 - 251
  • [29] Phenolic Foam Preparation Using Hydrofluoroolefin Blowing Agents and the Toughening Effect of Polyethylene Glycol
    Sarika, P. R.
    Nancarrow, Paul
    Ibrahim, Taleb H.
    POLYMERS, 2024, 16 (18)
  • [30] Effect of phenol formaldehyde resin on the adhesion properties of butyl rubber-polyester proofed fabric
    Lawandy, SN
    Shehata, AB
    JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2000, 14 (07) : 989 - 996