Genetic Susceptibility Study of Chinese Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Patients with Vertigo

Objective To investigate the genetic causes of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients in China. This study focused on analyzing variations of coding sequence of common genes related to deafness, revealing the molecular pathogenesis of sudden deafness from a genomics perspective, discovering molecular markers associated with the onset of deafness, and then supplying prevention to high-risk populations, classifying disease according to accurate etiology, and choosing a much more precision therapy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 51 patients diagnosed as SSNHL with vertigo treated in the Chinese PLA General Hospital. In this study, mutation screening of 307 nuclear genes and mitochondrial genome responsible for human or mouse deafness was performed on the 51 cases of unilateral sudden deafness patients with vertigo. Results We identified 51 cases of unilateral sudden deafness, including 2 cases of low-mid frequency hearing impairment, 18 cases of mid-high frequency hearing loss, 11 cases of flat-type hearing loss, and 20 cases of all frequency hearing loss. Among the 51 cases, 8 (15.69%) cases of GJB2 heterozygous variations, 1 (1.96%) case of GJB3 heterozygous variations, 5 (9.8%) cases of SLC26A4 heterozygous variations, 2 (3.92%) cases of COCH heterozygous variations, 14 (27.45%) cases of CDH23 heterozygous variations, 14 (27.45%) cases of OTOF heterozygous variations, 1 (1.96%) case of SLC17A8 heterozygous variations and 2 (3.92%) cases of KCNE1 heterozygous variations. No mtDNA gene variations were identified. Conclusion SSNHL has some relationship with hereditary in Chinese population, but its complex genetic pathogenic mechanisms need further study.