Context Awareness Group Buying in D2D Networks: A Coalition Formation Game-Theoretic Approach

In this paper, we proposed a context-aware group buying mechanism to reduce users' data cost based on the content similarity. Each user's cost is formulated as the combination of the content-aware data cost and location-aware sharing cost. Data cost is the payoff of the spectrum owner's channel to download files and sharing cost is the energy and time cost in transmitting files among the coalition. Compared with downloading data alone, users would like to form different groups and download the traffic data first and then share data among the group to achieve a lower cost. The cost reducing problem through group buying mechanism is modeled as a coalition formation game (CFG). Besides the traditional Pareto order, a coalition order maximizing the coalition's benefit and a selfish order maximizing users' benefit are proposed. The CFGs with the two proposed orders are proved to be potential games, respectively, and the existence of the stable coalition partitions are also guaranteed by Nash equilibria. A cooperative exchange mechanism is designed, where users can make decisions cooperatively to achieve better performance. Simulation results show that the context awareness group buying reduces the cost and improves the benefit significantly compared with the situation without context awareness. The proposed orders both have better performance than the Pareto order.