Signaling pathway of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as a potential regulator of lifespan

The experimental material accumulated for two decades allows concluding that regulation of lifespan has hormonal control based on the evolutionary conservative insulin/IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway. Data obtained on the commonly accepted models of longevity - nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and rodents - demonstrate that reduction of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway results in an increase of the lifespan. There is shown involvement in the longevity mechanism of a large group of genes whose products perform control of metabolism, feeding behavior, reproduction, and resistance to oxidative stress. Discussed in this review are current concepts of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling system as a regulatory "longevity module" and of its possible role in prolongation of life in the higher vertebrates, including human.