Label-free Au NRs-based SERS coupled with chemometrics for rapid quantitative detection of thiabendazole residues in citrus

Citrus is a highly consumed fruit worldwide. However, the excessive use of thiabendazole (TBZ) pesticides during citrus cultivation poses a health risk to people. Hence, a rapid and quantitative method has been established for TBZ determination in citrus by coupling gold nanorods (Au NRs) based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) coupling chemometrics. The results show that support vector machine (SVM) can distinguish TBZ residues of different orders of magnitude with 99.1667% accuracy and that genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) had the best performance in the quantitative prediction of TBZ residues (Rp(2) = 0.9737, RMSEP = 0.1179 and RPD = 5.85) in citrus. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.33 mu g mL(-1). Furthermore, the proposed method was validated by a standard HPLC method using t-test with no significant difference. Therefore, the proposed Au NRs-based SERS technique can be used for the rapid quantitative analysis of TBZ residues in citrus.