How do disorders related to hospitalisation influence haemodialysis patients' nutrition?

Introduction: Hospitalised chronic haemodialysis patients often develop malnutrition due to many causes, which worsens throughout their hospital stay. The objective of the study is to analyse if the disorders related to hospitalisation influence the degree of malnutrition suffered during the hospital stay. Patients and Methods: Over a period of more than three months, we retrospectively chose chronic haemodialysis patients that were admitted for more than four days, excluding those cases that died in the hospital. We randomly chose one admission episode per patient so as to avoid excessive weighting of repeated admissions. We took data concerning weight changes, pre-admission and post-discharge analytical results, analytical results following first week of hospital stay, disorders causing hospital admission and those that developed during the hospital stay. We created a point score system to record the total of illnesses presented. Results: The study included 77 patients, aged 67 12 years and having undergone haemodialysis for 31 34 months. Hospital stay was 17.8 +/- 12.6 days (mean, 12 days). We observed that many patients admitted for digestive and osteoarticular disorders, heart failure or coronary syndrome lost more weight during their hospital stay, although no significant differences were reached. The total number of disorders suffered during the hospital stay was independent of the cause of hospitalisation. Anaemia, heart arrhythmias and signs of heart failure were associated with longer hospital stays, however it was only anaemia that was significantly related to greater weight loss. Weight loss was not related to surgery or infections. Albumin levels during the first week of hospital stay were different depending on the disorder upon admission. It was lower when the patients were admitted for digestive disorders (ANOVA P=.05). Changes in albumin and creatinine levels before and after the hospital stay did not differ among disorders. We observed a relationship between having presented with more disorders during the stay and a longer stay, lower initial albumin and greater weight loss following discharge. In the multivariate analysis, we found the following weight loss predictors: stay, anaemia, and sepsis. We also found the following hospital stay predictors: Charlson's comorbidity index, heart arrhythmias, anaemia, sepsis and surgery. Conclusions: Malnutrition during the hospital stay depends on the duration and the number of disorders that develop during this time, the cause of admission having less impact on this. For patients that are going to develop more disorders during hospital stay, albumin levels reduce earlier