The characteristics of the layered reference model, physical layer, MAC layer and defined LR-WPAN network of IEEE802.15.4 are analyzed, and a set of power transmission line detection system based on wireless sensor network is designed. The network is mainly composed of photoelectric sensors (acceleration sensor, displacement sensor). The system design includes the determination of detection content, the selection of sensors and the topological structure of wireless network. In addition, the hardware structure of the photoelectric sensor node is designed, and the small current transformer is introduced to solve the problem of energy supply between multiple photoelectric sensors. Due to the complementary relationship between power system and sensor information system, the concepts of power information-dependent network and load capacity are introduced to build a power sensor information-dependent network with the load. In the experiment, the positioning effect of different photoelectric sensor nodes in the detection system is analyzed. The results show that most photoelectric sensors have a good positioning effect, and the link in the line can be self-organized IP 182 75.148 0 On: Mon 31 Jan 2022 11:16:05 according to the sensor node information; in the power ssor information-dependent network, the damage Copyright: American Scientific Publishers degree of the maximum load node is compard when it is attacked by the network; the damage degree of random attack is lower than that of deliberate attack, and the dependent network architecture with easy connection has strong robustness. Since a single network has dependent edges, it is vulnerable to cascading failure attacks.