Association of height with peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes

Objective To investigate whether height is associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods This was an observational study performed in 4,528 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric measures and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) were performed on each subject. PAD was defined as those patients with a history of revascularization or amputation due to ischemia, or an ABI < 0.9. Results A total of 23.3 % of T2DM patients had PAD (men 22.9 % and women 23.7 %). The mean age and height were 57.8 +/- 12.5 years and 170.5 cm for men, and 60.0 +/- 11.7 years and 158.9 cm for women, respectively. The ABI and frequency of PAD were higher with decreasing height quartiles. An inverse association was observed between height-and gender-adjusted risk of PAD. This relationship remained unchanged following further adjustment for potential confounders. Subjects in the shortest stature group had of 1.174 times higher risk of PAD for men and 1.143 times for women, compared with those in the tallest stature group. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (95 % CI) of PAD for a 10-cm height increase were 0.85 (95 % CI 0.78-0.94). Conclusion A short stature seems to be associated with higher risk of PAD in Chinese diabetic patients. However, the cross-sectional nature of the study limits conclusions regarding the direction or causality. Further longitudinal study is warranted in this and other ethnic groups.