The wear particle-induced osteolysis problem was considered as the major concern for limiting the life of total joint prostheses. In the present study, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), which is one of the estrogens with the potential application on osteolysis treatment, was added into UHMWPE to prepare UHMWPE-E2. The mechanical properties and wear performance of UHMWPE-E2 were characterized. Cell culture experiment was used to evaluate the effect of UHMWPE-E2 wear debris on osteoblasts. The results showed that the UHMWPE-E2 possessed the approving mechanical properties and wear performance compared to the control UHMWPE. And the cell culture results suggested that the expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) could be inhibited when the osteoblasts were co-cultured with UHMWPE-E2 wear debris, which indicated the UHMWPE-E2 may be the potential candidate for the implanted drug carrier to prevent the particle-induced osteolysis in joint replacements.