The lasting impacts of the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale on storm surge risk communication: The need for multidisciplinary research in addressing a multidisciplinary challenge

Historically, storm surge risk was indicated alongside the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS), and a lasting association remains among the general public. In recent years, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) has continually developed their advisories and products to explicitly communicate the storm surge hazard. In this study, we examine these developments to understand its impact on risk perception and discuss that though not explicitly, underlying associations to the SSHWS remain. We also find that despite the messaging produced through official storm surge guidance, the SSHWS continues to influence public perception and response. Our findings suggest that while improvements in storm surge messaging can improve risk communication and perception and ultimately save lives, it only addresses one component of the multidisciplinary system that defines storm surge risk. Truly effective resilience efforts will require comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches.