Hybrid stenting with silicone Y stents and metallic stents in the management of severe malignant airway stenosis and fistulas

Background: Airway stenting is frequently used in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced tumor-induced airway stenosis and fistulas. However, there is paucity of studies regarding the use of airway stents in restoring patency. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of hybrid silicon Y stents and covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) and in reestablishing patency in airway stenoses and fistulas. Methods: This retrospective study included 31 patients between January 2016 to December 2019 with inoperable complex malignant airway stenoses and fistulas, managed with Silicone Y stents, and covered SEMS. The clinical details, clinical outcomes and complications up to 6 months were extracted from medical records. The improvement of performance was assessed based on modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scores (t=6.892, P<0.001), Karnofsky Performance Scores (KPS) (t=-11.653, P<0.001), and performance status (PS) (t=3.503, P<0.001). Result: A total of 31 silicon Y stents and 35 covered SEMSs were inserted. Of the 31 patients (M:F 20:11; age: 54.64 +/- 9.57), 25/31 (80.6%) experienced immediate relief of symptoms following stent placement. Patients' mMRC dyspnea scores, KPS, and PS showed significant improvement following stenting. The mean duration of stent placement was 146.3 +/- 47.7 days, and 17/31 (55%) patients were alive at 6 months. No major complications related to hybrid stenting were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Hybrid stenting is a feasible and safe palliative treatment for malignant airway stenosis and fistulas to improve quality of life and can be performed without major complications.