Bayesian mixed membership models for soft clustering and classification

The paper describes and applies a fully Bayesian approach to soft clustering and classification using mixed membership models. Our model structure has assumptions on four levels: population, subject, latent variable, and sampling scheme. Population level assumptions describe the general structure of the population that is common to all subjects. Subject level assumptions specify the distribution of observable responses given individual membership scores. Membership scores are usually unknown and hence we can also view them as latent variables, treating. them as either fixed or random in the model. Finally, the last level of assumptions specifies the number of distinct observed characteristics and the number of replications for each characteristic. We illustrate the flexibility and utility of the general model through two applications using data from: (i) the National Long Term Care Survey where we explore types of disability; (ii) abstracts and bibliographies from articles published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In the first application we use a Monte Carlo Markov chain implementation for sampling from the posterior distribution. In the second application, because of the size and complexity of the data base, we use a variational approximation to the posterior. We also include a guide to other applications of mixed membership modeling.