Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Severe Refractory Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Down Syndrome

Purpose of Review Residual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among children with Down syndrome (DS). The hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) is an implantable device that has shown promising results in adults with refractory severe OSA and is currently being trialed in adolescent patients with DS. In our paper, we aim to review the safety, efficacy, effectiveness, and treatment adherence among adolescent patients with DS and severe OSA who have undergone HGNS implantation. Recent Findings. Results for HNGS implantation have been reported in 20 adolescents with DS and residual OSA. At 12-month follow-up, all patients tolerated the device well. Significant improvement was noted in both severity of OSA and subjective measurements of daytime symptoms and quality of life. HGNS has shown to be safe, and adherence to therapy was excellent. Further studies are required to estimate the long-term efficacy in pediatric patients and establish the appropriate age for surgery and patient selection.