A massive protocluster of galaxies at a redshift of z ≈ 5.3

被引：256

作者：

Capak, Peter L. ^{[1
]}

Riechers, Dominik ^{[2
]}

Scoville, Nick Z. ^{[2
]}

Carilli, Chris ^{[3
]}

Cox, Pierre ^{[4
]}

Neri, Roberto ^{[4
]}

Robertson, Brant ^{[2
]}

Salvato, Mara ^{[5
]}

Schinnerer, Eva ^{[6
]}

Yan, Lin ^{[1
]}

Wilson, Grant W. ^{[7
]}

Yun, Min ^{[7
]}

Civano, Francesca ^{[8
]}

Elvis, Martin ^{[8
]}

Karim, Alexander ^{[6
]}

Mobasher, Bahram ^{[9
]}

Staguhn, Johannes G. ^{[10
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[3] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA

[4] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France

[5] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[6] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[7] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[8] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[9] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[10] Johns Hopkins Univ, Lab Observat Cosmol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2011年 / 470卷 / 7333期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; COSMOS SURVEY; EVOLUTION; QUASARS; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6; POPULATION; CLUSTER; FIELD;

D O I：

10.1038/nature09681

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Massive clusters of galaxies have been found that date from as early as 3.9 billion years(1) (3.9 Gyr; z = 1.62) after the Big Bang, containing stars that formed at even earlier epochs(2,3). Cosmological simulations using the current cold dark matter model predict that these systems should descend from 'protoclusters'-early overdensities of massive galaxies that merge hierarchically to form a cluster(4,5). These protocluster regions themselves are built up hierarchically and so are expected to contain extremely massive galaxies that can be observed as luminous quasars and starbursts(4-6). Observational evidence for this picture, however, is sparse because high-redshift protoclusters are rare and difficult to observe(6,7). Here we report a protocluster region that dates from 1 Gyr (z = 55.3) after the Big Bang. This cluster of massive galaxies extends over more than 13 megaparsecs and contains a luminous quasar as well as a system rich in molecular gas(8). These massive galaxies place a lower limit of more than 4 x 10(11) solar masses of dark and luminous matter in this region, consistent with that expected from cosmological simulations for the earliest galaxy clusters(4,5,7).

引用

页码：233 / 235

页数：3

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