Finite element modelling approach to determine optimum dimensions for interlocking concrete blocks used for road paving

Interlocking concrete block paving (ICBP) is one of the foremost construction methods used in most of the developing countries due to its economic benefits. Although it has emerged as a cost-effective paving material, it is yet being developing as a full-fledged construction technique. The aim of this study was to develop a finite element modelling (FEM) approach to determine optimum dimensions for concrete blocks and to evaluate the deflections and stresses induced in pavements with the application of loads. A three-dimensional FEM was built using the ANSYS FEM software to analyse pavements with different block shapes and laying patterns. Uni 3 block in a herringbone bond pattern induced the lowest deflections and stresses, and therefore the dimensions of Uni 3 block were considered as the optimum dimensions in this analysis. Based on that, a new block shape which incorporated the same behaviour was proposed. Angles 110 degrees and 100 degrees were recommended instead of 137 degrees for the uni-style block shape. Furthermore, the stress and deflection distributions observed in the pavement for a change in the wheel wander indicated significant variations in the stresses when the wheel wander was closer to the pavement edge.