The correlation between serum adipokines levels and metabolic indicators in girls with Turner syndrome

Objective: The following study investigated the serum adiponectin, chemerin and vaspin levels and their relationship with body mass index (BMI), glucose and lipid metabolism in girls with Turner Syndrome (TS). Methods: A total of 64 girls with TS (mean age, 12.22 +/- 3.98 years; mean BMI, 18.90 +/- 3.45 kg/m(2)) were ascertained by chromosome analysis. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured, as well as the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). The BMI, BMI standard deviation score (SDS), waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The TS group and the control group were subdivided into non-puberty or puberty subgroup. Results: The TS group had higher waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in FPG, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, blood lipid and blood pressure between the two groups. Significantly higher serum levels of adioponectin (12.51 +/- 4.58 pg/m1) and chemerin (173.71 +/- 37.88 ng/ml) and significantly lower levels of vaspin (0.67 +/- 0.47 ng/ml) were found in the TS group compared to the control group (9.30 +/- 3.17 pg/ml, 159.43 +/- 23.19 ng/ml and 1.06 +/- 0.49 ng/ml, respectively) (all P < 0.05). In the TS group, adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with age, BMI and TG (r = 0.251, 0.247, 0.294, P < 0.05 for all). In the control group, adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with BMI and BMI SDS (r = 0.416 and 0.315, P < 0.05 for both), while vaspin levels were positively correlated with age, fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR (r = 0.257, 0.273 and 0.282, P < 0.05 for all). In addition, significantly higher levels of adiponectin were found in the non-puberty subgroup (13.88 +/- 4.49) pg/ml compared to puberty subgroup (9.72 3.39) pg/ml (P < 0.05), while no significant differences in chemerin and vaspin were found between the two TS subgroups. Conclusions: Elevated adiponectin and chemerin levels and significantly reduced vaspin were found in girls with TS. Puberty or estrogen replacement therapy may reduce adiponectin in girls with TS.