Multiple heart-cutting mixed-mode chromatography-reversed-phase 2D-liquid chromatography method for separation and mass spectrometric characterization of synthetic oligonucleotides

Until today, ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography is still the dominating method for analytical characterization of synthetic oligonucleotides. Its hyphenation with mass spectrometry, however, has some drawbacks such as ion-suppression in electrospray ionization. To overcome this problem, we present in this work a multiple heart-cutting (MHC) two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method with ultra-violet (UV) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) detection. A reversed-phase/weak anion-exchange (RP/WAX) stationary phase in the first dimension (D-1) provides the selectivity for separation of structurally closely related oligonucleotide sequences and deletions (shortmers), respectively, using a mixed pH/triethylammonium phosphate buffer gradient at constant organic modifier content. Heart cuts of the oligonucleotide peaks are transferred to the second dimension (D-2) via a multiple heart-cutting valve which is equipped with two loop decks. The D-2 RP column is used for desalting via a diverter valve. Active solvent modulation enables to refocus the oligonucleotide peak into a sharp zone by D-2 RP entirely free of non-volatile buffer components and ion-pair agents. Oligonucleotides can thus be sensitively detected by ESI-QTOF-MS under MS-compatible conditions. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.