The aerosol optical properties and PM2.5 components over the world's largest industrial zone in Tangshan, North China

To achieve an in-depth understanding of the aerosol optical properties in the highly-industrial region of Tangshan, we provided systematic aerosol optical properties analysis in this largest industrial zone for the first time. The aerosol optical datasets (2013.05-2015.04) and chemical component data of PM2.5 (2014-2015) obtained from the Tangshan site of the campaign on atmospheric aerosol research (CARE-China) network were analyzed. The results showed that the Tangshan region was seriously affected by fine-mode industrial aerosols all year, which would promote the accumulation of pollutants and influence the atmospheric circulation through changing the vertical temperature gradient. The annual average aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (a) were 0.80 +/- 0.26 and 1.05 +/- 0.10, respectively. The aerosol optical properties revealed significant seasonal characteristics. The maximum seasonal average AOD (1.03 +/- 0.62) and a (1.12 +/- 0.19) accompanied the highest seasonal secondary inorganic aerosol concentrations (SIA: So(4)(2-),NO3-,NH4+), 53.33 mu g/m(3), occurred in summer, and this phenomenon was attributed to the photochemical reactions favored by the high temperature and humidity. During the spring, frequent dust events led to the maximum Ca-2(+) concentration of 6.57 mu g/m(3) and the lowest seasonal a of 0.98 +/- 0.31. Coal was used for generating heat in winter, resulting in the highest levels of pollutant emissions (Cl- Elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC)). The aerosol type classifications showed that the industrial aerosols were the main controls in the summer and fall, representing 56%-58% of the total aerosols. While for spring and winter, mixed aerosols represented 53%-54% of the total aerosols. Hygroscopic growth effect of aerosols existed all year, which could enhance the negative radiative forcing and eventually cool the earth-atmosphere system. The classification Wing for Tangshan data showed high AOD values ( > 0.70) were mainly clustered in the fine-mode growth wing and coarse-mode. Of these values, summer showed a dense AOD distribution and the highest magnitude of fine-mode AODs, with a corresponding fine particle fraction of eta similar to 90% and an Rf similar to 0.20 mu m. In addition, spring showed the most coarse-mode aerosols.