Cigar and pipe smoking and cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

被引：32

作者：

McCormack, Valerie A. ^{[2
]}

Agudo, Antonio ^{[3
]}

Dahm, Christina C. ^{[4
]}

Overvad, Kim ^{[5
]}

Olsen, Anja ^{[6
]}

Tjonneland, Anne ^{[6
]}

Kaaks, Rudolf ^{[7
]}

Boeing, Heiner ^{[8
]}

Manjer, Jonas ^{[9
]}

Almquist, Martin ^{[10
]}

Hallmans, Goran ^{[11
]}

Johansson, Ingegerd ^{[11
]}

Dolores Chirlaque, Maria ^{[12
]}

Barricarte, Aurelio ^{[13
]}

Dorronsoro, Miren ^{[14
]}

Rodriguez, Laudina ^{[15
]}

Luisa Redondo, Maria ^{[15
]}

Khaw, Kay-Tee ^{[16
]}

Wareham, Nick ^{[17
]}

Allen, Naomi ^{[18
]}

Key, Tim ^{[18
]}

Riboli, Elio ^{[19
]}

Boffetta, Paolo ^{[1
,2
,20
]}

机构：

[1] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Tisch Canc Inst, New York, NY USA

[2] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France

[3] Catalan Inst Oncol, Unit Nutr Environm & Canc, Barcelona, Spain

[4] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Aalborg, Denmark

[5] Aarhus Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark

[6] Danish Canc Soc, Inst Canc Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark

[7] German Canc Res Ctr, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany

[8] German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, Nuthetal, Germany

[9] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Malmo, Sweden

[10] Lund Univ, Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Surg, Lund, Sweden

[11] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden

[12] Murcia Reg Hlth Author, Dept Epidemiol, Murcia, Spain

[13] Inst Publ Hlth, Pamplona, Spain

[14] Dept Publ Hlth Guipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain

[15] Hlth & Hlth Care Serv Council, Populat Hlth & Participat Directorate, Asturias, Spain

[16] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England

[17] Univ Cambridge, MRC Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England

[18] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England

[19] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London, England

[20] Int Prevent Res Inst, Lyon, France

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER | 2010年 / 127卷 / 10期

关键词：

cancer; cigar; pipe; smoking; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER; MORTALITY; MEN; TOBACCO;

D O I：

10.1002/ijc.25252

中图分类号：

R73 [肿瘤学];

学科分类号：

100214 ;

摘要：

The carcinogenicity of cigar and pipe smoking is established but the effect of detailed smoking characteristics is less well defined. We examined the effects on cancer incidence of exclusive cigar and pipe smoking, and in combination with cigarettes, among 102,395 men from Denmark, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom in the EPIC cohort. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer during a median 9-year follow-up from ages 35 to 70 years were estimated using proportional hazards models. Compared to never smokers, HR of cancers of lung, upper aerodigestive tract and bladder combined was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.8) for exclusive cigar smokers (16 cases), 3.0 (2.1, 4.5) for exclusive pipe smokers (33 cases) and 5.3 (4.4, 6.4) for exclusive cigarette smokers (1,069 cases). For each smoking type, effects were stronger in current smokers than in ex-smokers and in inhalers than in non-inhalers. Ever smokers of both cigarettes and cigars [HR 5.7 (4.4, 7.3), 120 cases] and cigarettes and pipes [5.1 (4.1, 6.4), 247 cases] had as high a raised risk as had exclusive cigarette smokers. In these smokers, the magnitude of the raised risk was smaller if they had switched to cigars or pipes only (i.e., quit cigarettes) and had not compensated with greater smoking intensity. Cigar and pipe smoking is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. The lower cancer risk of cigar and pipe smokers as compared to cigarette smokers is explained by lesser degree of inhalation and lower smoking intensity.

引用

页码：2402 / 2411

页数：10

共 24 条

[1]

ALLEN L, 2010, CHIN LARG CIG PROD B

[2]

[Anonymous], 2004, INT AGENCY RES CANC, V83, P1

[3] LUNG-CANCER RISK ASSOCIATED WITH CIGAR AND PIPE SMOKING [J].