The aberrant upstream pathway regulations of CDK1 protein were implicated in the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells

Background: Upregulation of Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) protein is closely related with the prognosis of several malignant tumors. Chk1-CDC25C-CDK1 signaling and P53-P21WAF1-CDK1 signaling pathways are closely related with the cell cycle G2/M phase regulation. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between CDK1 and the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, investigate its molecular mechanism preliminarily. Methods: The specific short-hair RNA (shRNA) plasmids and negative control plasmid of CDK1, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and p53 genes were transfected into ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells respectively. The expressions of CDK1, CHK1 and p53 mRNA and CDK1, Chk1 and P53 protein were detected by sqRT-PCR and Western blot, levels of phospho-CDK1(Thr14/Tyr15), CyclinB1, phospho-Chk1(ser345), cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C), phospho-CDC25C(ser216), P21WAF1, phospho-P53(ser15), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase8, Cleaved-caspase3 and Cytochrome C were examined by Western blot. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assay respectively, the cell cycle phase distribution and cell apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) assay. Results: As results of CDK1 inhibition by shRNA, the cell proliferation was repressed, the cell numbers of G2/M phase and cell apoptosis rate were increased in both SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. After knockdown of CDK1, expressions of PCNA, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 protein were downregulated, expressions of Bax, Caspase8, Cleaved-caspase3 and Cytochrome C were upregulated. While knockdown the CHK1 and p53 by shRNA respectively, the similar effects were observed on the cell proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis in both SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells, as well as the expressions of the proliferation and apoptosis related proteins mentioned above. Moreover, the levels of p-CDK1(Thr14/Tyr15) were increased after either CHK1 inhibition or p53 inhibition. Conclusions: Abnormal activation of CDK1 was implicated in the proliferation and apoptosis regulation of ovarian cancer cells, which might be due to the aberrant regulations of the upstream Chk1-CDC25C and P53-P21WAF1 signaling pathway.