Proximal pulmonary artery blood flow characteristics in healthy subjects measured in an upright posture using MRI: The effects of exercise and age

Purpose: To use MRI to quantify blood flow conditions in the proximal pulmonary arteries of healthy children and adults at rest and during exercise in an upright posture. Materials and Methods: Cine phase-contrast MRI was used to calculate mean flow and reverse flow index (RFI) in the main (MPA), right (RPA), and left (LPA) pulmonary arteries in healthy children and adults in an open-MRI magnet equipped with an upright MRI-compatible ergometer. Results: From rest to exercise (150% resting heart rate), blood flow (liters/minute/m(2)) increased in the RPA (1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.4; P < 0.001), LPA (1.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.6; P < 0.001), and MPA (2.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.5: P < 0.001). RFI decreased in the LPA (0.040 +/- 0.030 vs. 0.017 +/- 0.018; P < 0.02) and MPA (0.025 +/- 0.024 vs. 0.008 +/- 0.007; P < 0.03). Adults experienced greater retrograde flow in the MPA than the children (0.042 +/- 0.029 vs. 0.014 +/- 0.012; P < 0.02). Conclusion: It appears that at both rest and during exercise, in children and adults alike, RPA/LPA mean blood flow distribution is predominantly determined by distal vascular resistance, while retrograde flow is affected by proximal pulmonary bifurcation geometry.