Erosion of wind turbine blade coatings - Design and analysis of jet-based laboratory equipment for performance evaluation

被引:50
作者
Zhang, Shizhong [1 ]
Dam-Johansen, Kim [1 ]
Norkjaer, Sten [2 ]
Bernad, Pablo L., Jr. [2 ]
Kiil, Soren [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
[2] HEMPEL AS, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
关键词
Erosion measurements; Water jet; Liquid impingement; Blade coating; LIQUID IMPACT; RESISTANCE; IMPINGEMENT; STEELS;
D O I
10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.09.016
中图分类号
O69 [应用化学];
学科分类号
081704 ;
摘要
Driven by the growth of the wind power industry during the last decade, the size of wind turbines has grown considerably and single-turbine power can nowadays reach a capacity of 8 MW with rotor diameters exciding 160 m. Rain erosion is a considerable threat to the mechanical integrity of the blades in such equipment. To reduce expensive blade maintenance repairs and to avoid out-of-service periods, energy-absorbing blade coatings are required to protect rotor blades from rain erosion. In this work we describe the design, construction and evaluation of a laboratory setup for fast screening of up to 22 coating samples that is based on water jet slugs. Our objective is to study the effect of the parameters involved in the rain erosion process and to correlate our experimental results with data obtained with the complex and expensive whirling arm rig, which has become the industry standard method of test for rain erosion. Our results showed that water slug velocity and impact frequency are the most influential parameters in the coating erosion rate. Coating defects, often present on the specimens tested, appeared to play an important role in the erosion mechanism. Two particular experimental blade coatings were investigated using the proposed experimental design. The evaluation of the coatings under conditions where impact frequency and water hammer pressure were "matched" could not be directly correlated with the results obtained with the whirling arm rig. This result may be attributed, among other contributing factors, to the different contact modes in the two setups, i.e. the movement of coated panels against rain drops versus the movement of water drops against coated specimens. Additional factors that require further investigation are the specimen geometries and the potential significance of the presence of a thin water film on the coated surfaces. Our results endorse the complex nature of the rain erosion phenomenon, which is the result of the simultaneous combination of complex mechanisms and as such, it is difficult to reproduce at the laboratory scale. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:103 / 115
页数:13
相关论文
共 43 条
[1]  
Adler W.F., 1979, TREATISE MAT SCI, V16, P127
[2]   PARTICULATE IMPACT DAMAGE PREDICTIONS [J].
ADLER, WF .
WEAR, 1995, 186 (01) :35-44
[3]   Rain impact retrospective and vision for the future [J].
Adler, WF .
WEAR, 1999, 233 :25-38
[4]   Experimental assessment of droplet impact erosion resistance of steam turbine blade materials [J].
Ahmad, M. ;
Casey, M. ;
Suerken, N. .
WEAR, 2009, 267 (9-10) :1605-1618
[5]  
[Anonymous], 2010, ASTM Stand, Vi, P1, DOI [10.1520/G0031-12A, DOI 10.1520/G0031-12A]
[6]   Erosion of polymer-particle composite coatings by liquid water jets [J].
Briscoe, BJ ;
Pickles, MJ ;
Julian, KS ;
Adams, MJ .
WEAR, 1997, 203 :88-97
[7]  
Brunton J.H., 1979, Treatise Mater. Sci. Technol, V16, P186
[8]   A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance [J].
Dalili, N. ;
Edrisy, A. ;
Carriveau, R. .
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, 2009, 13 (02) :428-438
[9]   Rain erosion resistance characterizations -: Link between on-ground experiments and in-flight specifications [J].
Déom, A ;
Gouyon, R ;
Berne, C .
WEAR, 2005, 258 (1-4) :545-551
[10]   Towards more realistic erosion simulation tests for high velocity EM and IR windows [J].
Déom, AA ;
Luc, A ;
Amara, S ;
Balageas, DL .
WEAR, 1999, 233 :13-24