Examination of the Combined Effect of Deep-Layer Vertical Shear Direction and Lower-Tropospheric Mean Flow on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size Based on the ERA5 Reanalysis

被引:13
作者
Chen, Buo-Fu [1 ]
Davis, Christopher A. [2 ]
Kuo, Ying-Hwa [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Weather Climate & Disaster Res, Taipei, Taiwan
[2] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
[3] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Tropical cyclones; Wind shear; Boundary layer; Air-sea interaction; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WIND SHEAR; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; INTENSIFICATION; ATLANTIC; IMPACT; CONVECTION; ICE;
D O I
10.1175/MWR-D-21-0120.1
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
Idealized numerical studies have suggested that in addition to vertical wind shear (VWS) magnitude, the VWS profile also affects tropical cyclone (TC) development. A way to further understand the VWS profile's effect is to examine the interaction between a TC and various shear-relative low-level mean flow (LMF) orientations. This study mainly uses the ERA5 reanalysis to verify that, consistent with idealized simulations, boundary layer processes associated with different shear-relative LMF orientations affect real-world TC's intensity and size. Based on analyses of 720 TCs from multiple basins during 2004-16, a TC affected by an LMF directed toward downshear-left in the Northern Hemisphere favors intensification, whereas an LMF directed toward upshear-right is favorable for expansion. Furthermore, physical processes associated with shear-relative LMF orientation may also partly explain the relationship between the VWS direction and TC development, as there is a correlation between the two variables. The analysis of reanalysis data provides other new insights. The relationship between shear-relative LMF and intensification is not significantly modified by other factors [inner-core sea surface temperature (SST), VWS magnitude, and relative humidity (RH)]. However, the relationship regarding expansion is partly attributed to environmental SST and RH variations for various LMF orientations. Moreover, SST is critical to the basin-dependent variability of the relationship between the shear-relative LMF and intensification. For Atlantic TCs, the relationship between LMF orientation and intensification is inconsistent with all-basin statistics unless the analysis is restricted to a representative subset of samples associated with generally favorable conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:4057 / 4076
页数:20
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