The Expression Levels and Concentrations of PD-1 and PD-L1 Proteins in Septic Patients: A Systematic Review

被引:16
作者
Sari, Mutiara Indah [1 ]
Ilyas, Syafruddin [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sumatera Utara, Dept Biochem, Fac Med, Medan 20155, Indonesia
[2] Univ Sumatera Utara, Fac Math & Nat Sci, Dept Biol, Medan 20155, Indonesia
关键词
programmed death protein 1; programmed death ligand 1; sepsis; infection; immunosuppression; SOLUBLE PROGRAMMED DEATH-1; REGULATORY T-CELLS; PD-1/PD-L1; PATHWAY; SEPSIS; LIGANDS; SHOCK; DEFINITIONS; RECEPTOR;
D O I
10.3390/diagnostics12082004
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Sepsis is a series of life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an impaired host response to infection. A large number of molecular studies of sepsis have revealed complex interactions between infectious agents and hosts that result in heterogeneous manifestations of sepsis. Sepsis can cause immunosuppression and increase the expression of checkpoint inhibitor molecules, including programmed death protein (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and thus PD-1 and PD-L1 are thought to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic tools for sepsis. PD-1 is an inhibitor of both adaptive and innate immune responses, and is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes, whereas PD-L1 is expressed on macrophages, some activated T and B cells, and mesenchymal stem cells as well as various non-hematopoietic cells. This systematic review aims to assess the PD-1 and PD-L1 protein expression levels and concentrations in septic and other infectious patients.
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页数:12
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