Facile green synthesis of Ag-doped ZnO/CaO nanocomposites with Caccinia macranthera seed extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and photocatalytic activity

The current paper exhibited a green method for the manufacture of Ag-doped ZnO/CaO nanocomposites (NCPs) by the usage of Caccinia macranthera seed extract, zinc, calcium, and silver salts solution, for the first time. The chemical structure of NCPs was studied by the FT-IR technique. The XRD pattern shows a crystallite structure with an Fm3m group space and particle size of about 23 nm. The FESEM/PSA images displayed that NCPs have uniform distribution with spherical morphology. Also, the cytotoxicity of synthesized NCPs was examined on Huh-7 cells by MTT test and the IC50 value was 250 ppm. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of NCPs was investigated to the methylene blue MB dye degradation, which resulted in a removal of about 90% after 100 min. According to the results of the broth microdilution process, which was done to evaluate the antibacterial activity of NCPs towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the MIC values were in the range of 0.97-125 ppm.