Improving Engagement in Hypermedia Learning: A Design for Navigation Support

The traditional hypermedia learning systems (HLS) provide learners with a non-linear navigation of learning content. However, it does not benefit all students as planning for navigation path may cause disorientation. This paper proposes an approach named Skill-Challenge Balancing (SCB) that provides adaptive navigation support for learners to learn within HLS. SCB is designed following the flow theory; a sound psychological theory for describing cognitive engagement in daily life activities. The navigation support is expected to improve learners' engagement in learning within this environment. The approach was demonstrated in a hypermedia learning system for learning Java programming. An experimental study following within-subject design was conducted on 52 students from a higher learning institution in Malaysia to evaluate the effectiveness of SCB approach in improving learners' engagement within HLS. The results of this study suggested that SCB improved learners' engagement within the learning environment.