Collective wind farm operation based on a predictive model increases utility-scale energy production

Individual operation of turbines in wind farms results in energy losses from wake interactions. Here Howland et al. report on an experimentally validated model to implement collective operation of turbines, which increases the farm's energy production. In wind farms, turbines are operated to maximize only their own power production. Individual operation results in wake losses that reduce farm energy. Here we operate a wind turbine array collectively to maximize array production through wake steering. We develop a physics-based, data-assisted flow control model to predict the power-maximizing control strategy. We first validate the model with a multi-month field experiment at a utility-scale wind farm. The model is able to predict the yaw-misalignment angles which maximize array power production within +/- 5 degrees for most wind directions (5-32% gains). Using the validated model, we design a control protocol which increases the energy production of the farm in a second multi-month experiment by 3.0% +/- 0.7% and 1.2% +/- 0.4% for wind speeds between 6 m s(-1) and 8 m s(-1) and all wind speeds, respectively. The predictive model can enable a wider adoption of collective wind farm operation.