High mRNA expression of POU2F3 in small cell lung cancer cell lines predicts the effect of lurbinectedin

Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a progressive disease with a poor prognosis. Recently, a method to classify SCLC by the expression status of four transcription factors, ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1, was proposed. Here, we investigated the potential relationships between expression of these four transcription factors and the effect of lurbinectedin. Methods mRNA and protein expression of ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1 were quantified in eight SCLC cell lines and analyzed for potential correlations with drug sensitivity. In addition, ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1 expression were evaluated in 105 resected cases of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung, including 59 resected cases of SCLC. Results Based on the results of qRT-PCR and western blot analyses, the eight SCLC cell lines examined were classified into NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1 subtypes, as well as five ASCL1 subtypes. There were no correlations between cell line subtype classification and drug sensitivity to cisplatin, etoposide, or lurbinectedin. Next, we compared relative mRNA expression levels of each transcription factor with drug sensitivity and found that the higher the mRNA expression level of POU2F3, the lower the IC50 of lurbinectedin. Evaluation of resected SCLC tissue revealed that the composition of subtypes defined by the relative dominance of ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1 was as follows: 61% ASCL1, 15% NEUROD1, 14% POU2F3, 5% YAP1, and 5% all-negative. Conclusion In our experiments, high mRNA expression of POU2F3 in SCLC cell lines correlated with the effect of lurbinectedin.