Cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee obtained by the Tibet experiment and future prospects

被引：36

作者：

Amenomori, M. ^{[2
]}

Bi, X. J. ^{[3
]}

Chen, D. ^{[4
]}

Cui, S. W. ^{[5
]}

Danzengluobu ^{[6
]}

Ding, L. K. ^{[3
]}

Ding, X. H. ^{[6
]}

Fan, C. ^{[7
]}

Feng, C. F. ^{[7
]}

Feng, Zhaoyang ^{[3
]}

Feng, Z. Y. ^{[8
]}

Gao, X. Y. ^{[9
]}

Geng, Q. X. ^{[9
]}

Guo, H. W. ^{[6
]}

He, H. H. ^{[3
]}

He, M. ^{[7
]}

Hibino, K. ^{[10
]}

Hotta, N. ^{[11
]}

Hu, Haibing ^{[6
]}

Hu, H. B. ^{[3
]}

Huang, J. ^{[3
]}

Huang, Q. ^{[8
]}

Jia, H. Y. ^{[8
]}

Kajino, F. ^{[12
]}

Kasahara, K. ^{[10
]}

Katayose, Y. ^{[1
]}

Kato, C. ^{[14
]}

Kawata, K. ^{[4
]}

Labaciren ^{[6
]}

Le, G. M. ^{[15
]}

Li, A. F. ^{[7
]}

Li, J. Y. ^{[7
]}

Lou, Y. -Q. ^{[16
,17
]}

Lu, H. ^{[3
]}

Lu, S. L. ^{[3
]}

Meng, X. R. ^{[6
]}

Mizutani, K. ^{[18
]}

Mu, J. ^{[9
]}

Munakata, K. ^{[14
]}

Nagai, A. ^{[19
]}

Nanjo, H. ^{[2
]}

Nishizawa, M. ^{[20
]}

Ohnishi, M. ^{[4
]}

Ohta, I. ^{[21
]}

Onuma, H. ^{[18
]}

Ouchi, T. ^{[10
]}

Ozawa, S. ^{[13
]}

Ren, J. R. ^{[3
]}

Saito, T. ^{[22
]}

Saito, T. Y. ^{[23
]}

机构：

[1] Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan

[2] Hirosaki Univ, Dept Phys, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan

[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[4] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[5] Hebei Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China

[6] Tibet Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Lhasa 850000, Peoples R China

[7] Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China

[8] SW Jiaotong Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China

[9] Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China

[10] Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan

[11] Utsunomiya Univ, Fac Educ, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218505, Japan

[12] Konan Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6588501, Japan

[13] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

[14] Shinshu Univ, Dept Phys, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan

[15] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Applicat Res, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China

[16] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China

[17] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China

[18] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan

[19] Utsunomiya Univ, Adv Media Network Ctr, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218585, Japan

[20] Natl Inst Informat, Tokyo 1018430, Japan

[21] Sakushin Gakuin Univ, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3213295, Japan

[22] Tokyo Metropolitan Coll Ind Technol, Tokyo 1168523, Japan

[23] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany

[24] Nihon Univ, Coll Ind Technol, Narashino, Chiba 2758576, Japan

[25] Shonan Inst Technol, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2518511, Japan

[26] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan

[27] Shinshu Univ, Sch Gen Educ, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan

来源：

ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH | 2011年 / 47卷 / 04期

基金：

日本学术振兴会; 中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

Cosmic-rays; Knee region; Proton and helium spectra; PRIMARY PROTON SPECTRUM; SHOCK ACCELERATION; GAMMA-RAYS; TEV; RANGE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.asr.2010.08.029

中图分类号：

V [航空、航天];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0825 ;

摘要：

The observation of the extensive air showers has been carried out since 1990 by Tibet air-shower array to study the origin of the cosmic-rays. In order to investigate the chemical composition around the knee, air-shower core detector was used in two experimental phases aiming to separate light primary elements (proton and helium). In a first phase experiment made in 1996-1999, primary proton and helium spectra were measured using a hybrid detector consisted of Tibet II air-shower array, emulsion chambers, and burst detectors. The result indicated that the fraction of light elements among the all particle spectrum is less than 30%. We performed the second phase experiment in 2002-2005 to measure proton + helium together to confirm the previous result with higher statistics by improving the detection efficiency for the air-shower cores. The P + He spectrum was obtained in a good agreement with previous result by several times higher statistics. The flux of the light elements, together with the all-particle energy spectrum, indicates the dominance of nuclei heavier than helium in the energy range around the knee. We also present the outline of the next phase experiment, which is to measure the heavy elements around the knee, using low threshold air-shower core detector named YAC. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：629 / 639

页数：11

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