The Effect of Fire Location on Smoke Temperature in Tunnel Fires with Natural Ventilation

To investigate the effect of fire location on smoke temperature distributions in tunnel fires with natural ventilation, the 3-D numerical simulation model was developed using CFD code FDS. The previous works of 1/15 reduced-scale experiments were used to verify the simulation model. Then the effect of train location in tunnel, fire source location in fire carriage and fire carriage in train on tunnel ceiling temperatures were researched. The simulated results indicated that the train location in tunnel didn't have significant effect on ceiling smoke temperatures when all of windows or doors are in the tunnel section containing fire source, but the ceiling smoke temperatures decreased when some windows or doors are beyond the boundary of tunnel section containing fire source. Moreover, the fire source location in fire carriage and the fire carriage in train didn't have significant effect on ceiling smoke temperatures in the tunnel. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.