Dependence of the service properties of carbon-bearing materials on the processes of spinel formation that occur in the structure of refractory in service

Dependence of the service properties of carbon-bearing materials on the processes of spinel formation that occur in the structure of refractory in service, is discussed. It is necessary to use a complex carbon-constituting system in order to form a strong carbon skeleton in a refractory material that usually consists of a combination of carbon-bearing materials, having a tendency to be less oriented during pressing, and high-temperature pitch. Powdered metallic aluminum introduced into the charge does not oxidize fully under the given conditions, remains inside the articles in an unreacted condition until 800 - 1000°C, and serves as a source spinel formation. The producers have to choose materials that accelerate the process of spinel formation and ensure formation of a strong carbon-bearing skeleton.