Proteinuria and Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Are Independent Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy After Cardiac Catheterization

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) according to renal function in patients with or without proteinuria after cardiac catheterization in Japan. Methods and Results: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study involving 27 hospitals from all over Japan, which enrolled 906 patients with cardiac catheterization. CIN was defined as increase in serum creatinine >= 0.5 mg/dl or >= 25% from baseline between 48 and 72 h after exposure to contrast. The incidence of CIN in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) was significantly higher than that in patients with eGFR >= 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). In patients without proteinuria, the incidence of CIN did not increase as eGFR decreased, but such a trend was observed in patients with proteinuria. Proteinuria was highly significantly associated with CIN in patients with eGFR 30-44 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (OR, 12.1; 95% CI: 2.81-82.8; P=0.0006) and eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (OR, 17.4; 95% CI: 3.32-321; P=0.0001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, proteinuria (OR, 4.09; 95% CI: 1.66-10.0), eGFR (OR, 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04), contrast volume/eGFR (OR, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04-1.65), and Ca antagonist use (OR, 3.79; 95% CI: 1.52-10.8) were significant predictors of CIN. Conclusions: Proteinuria and reduced eGFR are independent risk factors for CIN after cardiac catheterization.