Optimal placement of electric vehicle charging station for unbalanced radial distribution systems

Transportation is one of the dominant applications where abundant fossil fuel usage can be experienced across the world. To save the earth from carbon emission and depletion of conventional energy resources, alternate energy sources are to be introduced in transportation which will lead to Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). The infrastructure of the power system is also adaptable to the changes of electrified transportation. In this research work, a methodology is proposed to find the optimal placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) along with the optimal capacity of charging stations for Unbalanced Radial Distribution System (URDS) by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This paper also explains the effect of EVCS placement in RDS w.r.t voltage profile and real power losses. Also, the insertion of EVCS to the power system draws additional power from the electrical grid. To make the system more self-sustainable and reliable, this research work proposes additional distributed generators (DGs) at optimal locations to reduce the impact of EVCS on the system by incorporating it. The proposed methodology is validated with two standard unbalanced IEEE test cases such as IEEE 19 bus and IEEE 25 bus URDS.