Shape of atomic nuclei in heavy ion collisions

被引：65

作者：

Jia, Jiangyong ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[2] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11976 USA

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW C | 2022年 / 105卷 / 01期

关键词：

XE-XE COLLISIONS; DENSITY; PARAMETRIZATION; MULTIPLICITY; DEPENDENCE;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevC.105.014905

中图分类号：

O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];

学科分类号：

070202 ;

摘要：

In the hydrodynamic model description of heavy ion collisions, the final-state anisotropic flows v(n) are linearly related to the strengths of the multipole shape of the distribution of nucleons in the transverse plane, epsilon(n): v(n) proportional to epsilon(n). The epsilon(n) , for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, are sensitive to the shapes of the colliding ions, characterized by the quadrupole beta(2), octupole beta(3), and hexadecapole beta(4) deformations. This sensitivity is investigated analytically and also in a Monte Carlo Glauber model. One observes a robust linear relation, <epsilon(2)(n)> = a(n)' + b(n)'beta(2)(n), for events in a fixed centrality. The <epsilon(2)(1)> has a contribution from beta(3) and beta(4), and <epsilon(2)(3)> from beta(4). In ultracentral collisions, there are little cross contributions between beta(2)and epsilon(3) and between beta(3) and epsilon(2), but clear cross contributions are present in noncentral collisions. Additionally, <epsilon(2)(n)> are insensitive to nonaxial shape parameters such as the triaxiality. This is good news because the measurements of v(2), v(3), and v(4) can be used to constrain simultaneously the beta(2), beta(3), and beta(4) values. This is best done by comparing two colliding ions with similar mass numbers and therefore nearly identical a(n)', to obtain a simple equation that relates the beta(n) of the two species. This opens up the possibility to map the shape of the atomic nuclei at a timescale (<10(-24) s) much shorter than probed by low-energy nuclear structure physics (<10(-21) s), which ultimately may provide information complementary to that obtained in the nuclear structure experiments.

引用

页数：26

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