Ballistic Charge Transport by Mobile Nonlinear Excitations

The developments in hyperconductivity, the loss-free transmission of electric charge at room temperature and above, due to the ballistic transport of electric charge in crystals with quasi-layered structure, are reported. The electric charge is carried by quodons, a type of mobile nonlinear intrinsic localized mode of lattice excitation observed as fossil tracks in layered silicates and recently by laboratory experiments. Here, ballistic means moving with minimal scattering or interaction with phonons. A test for hyperconductivity in solid materials is developed. It is based on the unique effect of short-term continuation of transport of charge, by total internal reflection, after creation of quodons has ceased. This effect is called the slow-quodon-decay effect or SQD effect. So far, only layered silicates have been shown to exhibit hyperconductivity. New evidence is presented for hyperconductivity in chrysotile, a nonlayered silicate material with new results. Being a fibrous material, it is more flexible than the sheet mica phyllosilicates. It is found that quodons can also be created and carry charge in very different materials, such as polymers, but without showing hyperconductivity, because of the very short range and lifetime of quodons in those materials.