Are Polyphenols Strong Dietary Agents Against Neurotoxicity and Neurodegeneration?

被引:40
作者
Almeida, Susana [1 ,2 ]
Alves, Marco G. [3 ]
Sousa, Mario [1 ,2 ,4 ]
Oliveira, Pedro F. [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Silva, Branca M. [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar ICBAS, Dept Microscopy, Cell Biol Lab, Oporto, Portugal
[2] Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar ICBAS, Unit Multidisciplinary Res Biomed UMIB, Oporto, Portugal
[3] Univ Beira Interior, CICS UBI, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Fac Hlth Sci, Ave Infante D Henrique, P-6200506 Covilha, Portugal
[4] Ctr Reprod Genet Prof Alberto Barros, Oporto, Portugal
[5] Univ Porto, Inst Hlth Res & Innovat I3S, Oporto, Portugal
关键词
Polyphenols; Antioxidants; Catechins; Neurodegeneration; Brain; Neurotoxicity; Signaling pathways; NF-KAPPA-B; GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LIFE-SPAN; IN-VITRO; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE;
D O I
10.1007/s12640-015-9590-4
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Life expectancy of most human populations has greatly increased as a result of factors including better hygiene, medical practice, and nutrition. Unfortunately, as humans age, they become more prone to suffer from neurodegenerative diseases and neurotoxicity. Polyphenols can be cheaply and easily obtained as part of a healthy diet. They present a wide range of biological activities, many of which have relevance for human health. Compelling evidence has shown that dietary phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols, have properties that may suppress neuroinflammation and prevent toxic and degenerative effects in the brain. The mechanisms by which polyphenols exert their action are not fully understood, but it is clear that they have a direct effect through their antioxidant activities. They have also been shown to modulate intracellular signaling cascades, including the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Nrf2, and MEK pathways. Polyphenols also interact with a range of neurotransmitters, illustrating that these compounds can promote their health benefits in the brain through a direct, indirect, or complex action. We discuss whether polyphenols obtained from diet or food supplements are an effective strategy to prevent or treat neurodegeneration. We also discuss the safety, mechanisms of action, and the current and future relevance of polyphenols in clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As populations age, it is important to discuss the dietary strategies to avoid or counteract the effects of incurable neurodegenerative disorders, which already represent an enormous financial and emotional burden for health care systems, patients, and their families.
引用
收藏
页码:345 / 366
页数:22
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