Identification of radiopure titanium for the LZ dark matter experiment and future rare event searches

被引:26
作者
Akerib, D. S. [1 ,2 ]
Akerlof, C. W. [3 ]
Akimov, D. Yu [4 ]
Alsum, S. K. [5 ]
Araujo, H. M. [6 ]
Arnquist, I. J. [7 ]
Arthurs, M. [3 ]
Bai, X. [8 ]
Bailey, A. J. [6 ,38 ,39 ]
Balajthy, J. [9 ]
Balashov, S. [10 ]
Barry, M. J. [11 ]
Belle, J. [12 ,40 ]
Beltrame, P. [13 ]
Benson, T. [5 ]
Bernard, E. P. [14 ,15 ]
Bernstein, A. [16 ]
Biesiadzinski, T. P. [1 ,2 ]
Boast, K. E. [17 ]
Bolozdynya, A. [4 ]
Boxer, B. [18 ]
Bramante, R. [1 ,2 ]
Bras, P. [19 ]
Buckley, J. H. [20 ]
Bugaev, V. V. [20 ]
Bunker, R. [7 ,8 ]
Burdin, S. [18 ]
Busenitz, J. K. [21 ]
Carels, C. [17 ]
Carlsmith, D. L. [5 ]
Carlson, B. [22 ]
Carmona-Benitez, M. C. [23 ]
Chan, C. [24 ]
Cherwinka, J. J. [5 ]
Chiller, A. A. [25 ]
Chiller, C. [25 ]
Cottle, A. [12 ]
Coughlen, R. [8 ]
Craddock, W. W. [1 ]
Currie, A. [6 ,41 ]
Dahl, C. E. [12 ]
Davison, T. J. R. [13 ]
Dobi, A. [11 ,42 ]
Dobson, J. E. Y. [27 ]
Druszkiewicz, E. [28 ]
Edberg, T. K. [9 ]
Edwards, W. R. [11 ]
Emmet, W. T. [11 ]
Faham, C. H. [11 ,43 ]
Fiorucci, S. [11 ]
机构
[1] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94309 USA
[3] Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[4] NRNU MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115409, Russia
[5] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave Room 2320,Chamberlin Hall, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[6] Imperial Coll London, Phys Dept, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BW, England
[7] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA
[8] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, 501 East St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
[9] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[10] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab RAL, Didcot 0X11 OQX, Oxon, England
[11] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[12] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POBox 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
[13] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland
[14] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 Leconte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[15] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, 217 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
[16] LLNL, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
[17] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England
[18] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England
[19] Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, Lab Instrumentacao Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Rua Largo, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal
[20] Washington Univ St Louis, Dept Phys, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[21] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, 206 Gallalee Hall,514 Univ Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL 34587 USA
[22] Sanford Underground Res Facil, SDSTA, 630 East Summit St, Lead, SD 57754 USA
[23] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[24] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[25] Univ South Dakota, Dept Phys, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
[26] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[27] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 61BT, England
[28] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
[29] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[30] Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA
[31] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Broida Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[32] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, 1126 Lederle Grad Res Tower, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
[33] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England
[34] IBS Ctr Underground Phys CUP, 70 Yuseong Daero 1689 Gil, Daejeon, South Korea
[35] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA
[36] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 4242 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
[37] Black Hills State Univ, Sch Nat Sci, 1200 Univ St, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA
[38] Univ Valencia, Inst Fas Corpuscular IFIC, Parque Cientaf,C Catedrat Jose,Beltran 2, E-46980 Paterna, Spain
[39] CSIC, Parque Cientaf,C Catedrat Jose,Beltran 2, E-46980 Paterna, Spain
[40] BAC, Wheaton, IL 60189 USA
[41] HM Revenue & Customs, 100 Parliament St, London SW1A 2BQ, England
[42] Zenysis Technol, 535 Mission St Floor 14, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA
[43] Linkedln, 2029 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
[44] Cainthus, Otherlab, 701 Alabama St, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
[45] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 OEX, Surrey, England
[46] Insight Data Sci, 260 Sheridan Ave Suite 310, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA
[47] IMS Nanofabricat AG, Wolfholzgasse 20-22, A-2345 Brunn Am Gebirge, Austria
[48] Deepgram, 148 Townsend St, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
[49] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, 4155 Etcheverry Hall MC 1730, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[50] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Phys, 1 Univ Circle, Turlock, CA 95382 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;
关键词
Monte Carlo methods - Cryostats - Radioactivity - Intelligent systems - Galaxies - Radiation;
D O I
10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double -vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of U-238(e) < 1.6 mBq/kg, U-238(I) < 0.09 mBq/kg, Th-232(e) = 0.28 +/- 0.03 mBq/kg, Th-232(I) = 0.25 +/- 0.02 mBq/kg, K-40 <0.54 mBq/kg, and (60) Co <0.02 mBq/kg (68% CL). Such low intrinsic activities, which are some of the lowest ever reported for titanium, enable its use for future dark matter and other rare event searches. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to assess the expected background contribution from the LZ cryostat with this radioactivity. In 1,000 days of WIMP search exposure of a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, the cryostat will contribute only a mean background of 0.160 +/- 0.001(stat) +/- 0.030(sys) counts. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 10
页数:10
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